The Greatest Prime Minister in Canadian History for Promoting Ethnic Essay

The Greatest Prime Minister in Canadian History for Promoting Ethnic Diversity and Communities was Pierre Elliott Trudeau - Essay Example Revelations and strategies which were fixated on making a different network were then made under his ward (Wood, Gilbert, 2005). The constant plan of Trudeau and the manner by which he advanced multiculturalism is one which keeps on being utilized today with activities through the approaches and political activities which were first actualized by Trudeau. The idea of multiculturalism was pushed by Trudeau due to the changing atmosphere and condition in Canada and the world. Trudeau came into power after World War II and through different world upheavals dependent on social assorted variety and ethnic equity. Canada was additionally encountering a lot of outsider weights from different areas, explicitly which started as a counterbalance from World War II. The social weights of this time depended on the longing to offer minorities a similar potential as others in the public arena while incorporating opportunity. Trudeau followed these social weights and marks of disgrace with his own vision of making an ethnically various arrangement of networks through strategies and methodology expected in the public arena (Driedger, 2001). When Trudeau came into power in 1968, his fundamental plan was to advance the idea of ethnic assorted variety. From the seventeenth century, Canada had a huge deluge of movement that came into the nation. Prior to this time, there were likewise assorted variety advancements as far as both Aboriginal land and the individuals who had discovered the contemporary country of Canada. As this developed and kept on separating, ethnic networks started to be progressively obvious inside the Canadian regions, explicitly on account of physical and racial contrasts. The biggest inundation came during the World Wars, in light of those from Europe that started to relocate to America from the war. Asian people group additionally started to set up during this time. As the racial contrasts were noted, it was additionally expected that a

In James Joyce's The Dead discuss the themes of loss and involuntary Research Paper

In James Joyce's The Dead talk about the topics of misfortune and automatic memory according to Freud's Mourning and Melancholia - Research Paper Example The snapshot of revelation at Gretta’s disclosure seriously affects Gabriel’s brain and he, in a condition of grieving, loses enthusiasm for his life and builds up a believing a negligence for his own â€Å"self†. The legend of the story â€Å"The Dead† obviously is by all accounts a superstar at his aunts’ party. He has been given the respect of conveying after-supper discourse. Be that as it may, when we see this man in the organization of individuals we find that this man needs self-assurance and isn't sure what sway his discourse would make on the individuals. Maybe he knows about the emptiness of his words. The air pocket of his fearlessness blasts when he comes to realize that his better half contrasts him and her past darling who is dead. Gabriel felt embarrassed that he was being contrasted and a dead individual and in this examination the dead individual was respected better than him. The cognizance about his minute independent him melancho lic and â€Å"he considered himself to be a silly figure, going about as a penny-kid for his aunties, an apprehensive, good natured sentimentalist, speaking to vulgarians and glorifying his own clownish desires, the pitiable silly individual he had gotten a brief look at in the mirror† (Joyce 150). This sentiment of bafflement and misfortune experienced by Gabriel isn't the declaration of individual rather it will be a funeral poem of a nation or a country. Joyce himself was composing his assortment Dubliners in a more extensive setting. Clarifying his authorial plan for composing Dubliners, he states, â€Å"My expectation was to compose a part of the ethical history of my nation and I picked Dublin for the scene since that city appeared to me the focal point of paralysis† ( qtd. in Friedrich 421). The story â€Å" The sisters† went about as the preamble of this elegiac epic while â€Å" The dead† was its unavoidable â€Å"coda†(421). Gabriel is by all accounts a mouthpiece of Joyce and Noon follows some self-portraying ramifications of Joyce’s character in the character of Gabriel and finds that it is hard for the peruser to â€Å" separate the ‘moral history’ of the city from the self-picture of the artist†(254). Gabriel here is grieving the loss of the city (Dublin) which is the focal point of loss of motion and like his essayist shows outrage and distress towards Ireland (Noon 255). Gabriel is reminded by Miss Ivors that he has lost his connection with Irish character and he has become a â€Å" West Briton†. She proposes that he should feel embarrassed about himself for that. He additionally prefers to spend travels in Europe rather than Ireland. His discussion about Ireland affronts patriot in Miss Ivor and she leaves of gathering right off the bat in an irate mind-set. Gabriel in his discourse Gabriel’s steady hotel to his past through his memory is really the reason for his enth usiastic doubt and his masochist pessimism with his current circumstance. We attempt to recall our past through an endeavor to get to our sub-cognizant memory. This we do intentionally. Yet, now and then our oblivious attacks our cognizance through repeating episodes of automatic memory. Joyce’s procedure of â€Å" stream of consciousness† works in this worldview of deliberate and automatic memory. Gabriel’s feeling of misfortune is reinforced by these unexpected penetrations of automatic memory which make him contrast his present and his past. This examination eventually drives him to a circumstance where he builds up a sentiment of dissatisfaction with his present. This expressive procedure is the sign of James Joyce through which his characters come to recall their past. This movement

Parents, Please Read

Parents, Please Read I have finally made it home for the holidays. Let me tell you, theres nothing quite like being at home, even if it is just for two weeks, and even if its so snowy that nobody can leave/come to my house for anything. Home is still wonderful. Being home is a great time for deep, philosophical talks with parents that simply arent possible over the phone. The reason I write for the admissions blogs is because I really like the admissions process, I like helping admitted students learn about MIT before they get here, and I like sharing with everybody the types of things I do here. My dad follows the blogs very closely as well and the two of us often discuss the current admissions gossip. The one thing hell do that I normally wont is explore the bowels of College Confidential (if I had my way, College Confidential would be wiped off the face of the planet), but that just makes him all the more interesting when we discuss admissions. The two of us were sitting down at Rockin Rogers enjoying breakfast and chatting when the topic turned away from normal father-son stuff and drifted towards MIT. We touched on admissions (Hows Matt? Matts fine. Do you ever see such and such? No not really. I really like Yans writing, she uses a lot of adjectives . . . etc etc) and got more onto the topic of current student life, mainly my grades. Grades are especially relevant right now because all of this years freshmen just got their first set of them. Up until now, MIT has been a fun, relatively informal, unofficial learning environment, but the instant grades get written down it becomes serious. I spend a lot of time at MIT very stressed, this semester especially. Fortunately for me, none of that stress comes from my parents. All of my stress is self-imposed, its me telling myself to do well, telling myself to study, and telling myself to not give up. My parents act as wonderful outlets for frustration, concern, complaining, and any other angsty 20-year-old emotion I can throw at them. Through all of it they are supportive and tell me to keep doing what I can. They constantly remind me that Im at the hardest school in the country, the fact that Im even there is astounding, the fact that Im passing classes is ridiculous, and the prospect of As is almost heart-attack-inducing. I dont think its because they have low standards, that passing is acceptable now, I think its because they are extremely realistic and understand the grand scheme of things. They understand that passing a class at MIT with a C doesnt mean youre below average or struggling, it means that MIT has deemed yo u competent enough to proceed and learn more material. It means you passed. What Ive noticed, both from the comments in the admissions blogs and from talking to friends at school, is that many many many parents dont take this approach. Many parents put a lot of additional pressure on their children to succeed and to get As. While its wonderful to want your child to succeed and to encourage them to do well, threatening them and adding unnecessary stress to an already super-stressed MIT student does more harm than good. This is the first year Ive gotten to watch freshmen do MIT and Ive learned a lot about parents just by watching their children. 1) Parents are CONVINCED that unless they call you every day to remind you, you will forget to eat and subsequently die of malnutrition. 2) Parents are scared to death that you are wasting their money. Lets talk about number 2 for a little bit, because thats what really motivated this entry. Ultimately, when it comes straight down to it, parents are the ones who decide whether you attend MIT or not. They pay the bill. End of story. Dont kid yourself or come up with excuses, you dont have $50,000 a year to pay for tuition. As such, parents want to see that they are getting their moneys worth, which is why parents FREAK OUT (caps totally necessary, Ive seen the student end of freak out phone conversations many times) when they hear any of the following: a) I skipped lecture (more than once (for an entire semester)) b) I decided not to do that problem set c) I failed that test (and it doesnt bother me) d) I got a C in physics/chemistry/biology/math Parents will label these as inexcusable. I label these as completely excusable, and I can back up my claim. I skipped lecture (more than once (for an entire semester)) I routinely skipped lecture my freshman year. Why? Because it was more beneficial to skip lecture than to attend. Sometimes (more often than people think) lectures are actually detrimental to your learning. Sometimes its a bad professor, other times its where the lecture fits into your schedule, and sometimes its the way that lecture is taught. I skipped almost every single differential equations lecture I had. Why? Before and after lecture I had a one hour break with no classes. One hour is not a lot of time to get work done and oftentimes I found myself just wandering around, surfing the internet, or bored. What I realized is that if I skipped my lecture and went to the library for 3 hours I could read the chapter out of the book that was going to be covered in lecture, go through online lecture notes, and work on the problem set. I got more work done and learned more NOT going to lecture than I would have if I attended. I ended up getting a B in the class. Another example, I skipped the majority of my freshman chemistry classes. Why? They were early in the morning and videos of the lecture were always posted online. There, honestly, was no need for me to attend lecture in person, so I didnt. I watched the lectures online, took notes, and did fine in the class (I even aced my second test). I decided not to do that problem set Freshmen year is all about trying to figure out a system that works for you. Time management is really important at MIT and a lot of students here struggle with it. The only way to learn good time management skills is to try different things. Try skipping these lectures in lieu of this, try skipping this PSET in order to study for this test, this class is harder than this class so I need to focus more here, etc. Prioritizing and figuring these things out can be difficult and can oftentimes result in skipped PSETS, failed tests, and sleepless nights, BUT ITS NECESSARY. Without experimentation and trying different things, theres no way to find the study method or work schedule that is the most effective. Freshmen year is Pass/No Record (you either get a P or your class never shows up, there are no letter grades) for precisely this reason, to give students a chance to figure out what works for them. Parents, if your child trusts you enough to talk to you and share everything with you, youre going to hear stories of failed tests, missed PSETS, and sleepless nights. Theyve trusted you enough to tell you these things, its up to you not to jump down their throats and scold them for it, otherwise they will simply stop telling you anything. Ask why certain things happened, absolutely, but please dont scold or threaten, you just make our lives more difficult than they need to be. I failed that test and it doesnt bother me This happened to me this year. I studied days for a test, took it, felt great about it, and then scored in the bottom 5% of the class. I failed it. I also didnt mind. When looking back at the mistakes I made and the questions I missed, I realized that it was just one or two algebra mistakes here, a misinterpretation there, and then some questions that were just really hard that I didnt know how to answer. I understood the material, I didnt feel like I could have tried harder or studied more, the test just didnt go well. It happens. There was nothing to change for the next test, I was happy with my preparation, I just happened to have failed. Not letting something get to you is important at MIT. If your child tells you that they failed a test and theyre ok with it, dont flip out. Theyve come to grips with their score and are ready to move on, dont drag them back down into an unhealthy state of sorrow and regret. Theyre ready to do well on the next test and tackle their next problem set, dont encourage them to brood over a bad test, its simply not helpful or healthy. I got a C in physics/chemistry/biology/math Not all sciences are created equal. To be perfectly frank and honest, I hate math, chemistry, and biology. I used to loathe physics but Im slowly warming up to it. MIT forces you to take chemistry, biology, math, and physics, whether you like them or not. Whether you understand them or not. Whether you ever plan on using them or not. AND . . . not only do they force you to take them . . . but they force you to take MIT versions of these classes, meaning youre taking Oh My GOD! This is the hardest thing ever! versions of classes that you may have found difficult in high school. Anybody will tell you, its very difficult to force yourself to study material that you find frustrating and uninteresting, which is why its very important that MIT has Pass/No Record 1st semester. MIT wants you to learn about chemistry, biology, physics, and math, but it doesnt necessarily expect you to excel, it just wants you to understand more about the subject matter. Parents see a report card full of Cs and die a little on the inside. This is premature. Parents, calm down, youre overreacting. Your child just passed some of the hardest intro-level science classes in the country, be proud of them. Show them support. You are getting your moneys worth. The more support you give them now, the better they will do later. Im not a parent so I dont understand parenting, but I am on the receiving end of parenting so I do know whats useful on our end and whats not. The fact of the matter is, when your child gets into their major, their grades will improve greatly. Theyll be learning material that they enjoy, the material that they came to MIT to learn, and theyll want to study and go above and beyond. Be patient and watch your child grow into their school, itll be a process you only get to go through once, and its not something you want to tarnish with constant lecturing and scolding. I guess, in the end, this is what Im trying to say. MIT is hard enough without parents constantly berating us and scolding us and pressuring us to do well. We know whats going on at school, were in the thick of it. Well call you and tell you whats going on with our lives, tell you of our mistakes and our triumphs, but we really dont want to be lectured to. We want support. If you dont give us support and instead pick apart everything we tell you, well simply stop telling you things. Its not that we dont love you, its that youre making things worse and its in our best interest to do what we know needs to be done. Sometimes, by trying to make things better, youre making things worse. If we ask for advice, give it. If we ask for support, give it. If we tell you what weve been up to, enjoy our stories, but please dont make our lives more stressful.

What Are Functional Groups in Chemistry

Defiance a Film Directed by Edward Zwick - 1281 Words

Defiance is a 2008 American docudrama film starring Daniel Craig and directed by Edward Zwick. The plot takes place in Western Europe has Tuvia Bielski and his brothers lead a Jewish partisan group against Nazi forces in the struggle for their lives. The group saved more than 1200 Jews from Nazi persecution and would be one of the most successful Jewish resistance groups during WW2. The movie is well done involving multiple elements and a high dose of action and adrenaline. Defiance generally did well in theatres and was well approved by critics; and WELL displays some of the events of the Holocaust. The bitter winter brings sickness, starvation, betrayal, and constant hiding, afterwards the group learns of an oncoming heavy German†¦show more content†¦They spent no less than two years under the shelter of the forests of Poland; Tuvia, the eldest often sent scouts to infiltrate and recruit new members of the group from the nearby ghettos to the Naliboki forest. The group’s policy of accepting all would inflate the mass of the group to over 1200 Jews but only a small amount (about 150) of the group would engage in armed combat and operation has most of the population was woman, children, and seniors (70%).They lived in underground bunkers and established basic infrastructure and utility building; kitchen, mill, bathhouse, bakery, medical clinic, quarantine for those with infectious illness/disease and small livestock of cows provided milk. Members of the group had useful trade skills in making goods, repairs, and providing logistical support; this service was also extended to the nearby Soviet partisans. They were well known among partisans for their workshop of 125 workers which included; tailors, shoemakers, metalworkers, tanners, carpenters, leatherworkers, hat makers, barbers, watch makers completed daily repairs, new products, and other useful services for the group and guests. Most children attended the dugout school. Bielski partisans would often target Nazis and their combatants including disloyal local police forces and performed sabotage missions which made them a nuisance to the Nazi government (which offered 100 000 bounty for the capture of Tuvia in 1943). To solve this issue the NazisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Defiance 1050 Words   |  5 Pages Defiance is a movie written, directed and produced by Edward Zwick. This movie’s setting is in Nazi occupied territory in Belarus during World War II. The storyline follows the Bielski brothers as they attempt to evade capture and fight for their lives, and over the course of the movie, the lives of twelve hundred other Jewish survivors on their quest for life, liberty and the new promised land. The film features Daniel Craig as Tuvia Bielski, Liev Schreiber as Zus Bielski, Jamie Bell as AsaelRead More`` Defiance `` By Edward Zwick1614 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, â€Å"Defiance,† directed by Edward Zwick, is an extraordinary and insightful tale about the lives of three brothers that take refuge in the woods for survival against the Nazis. In the beginning, their main goal was to keep alive by also avenging the deaths of their parents, however as the movie progresses, their mission turns into something far more bigger. They began to find other Jews who come hoping to join them in their quest for survival, while looking to them as their leaders. The film entailsRead MoreThe Film Adaptation Of Defiance By Nechama Tec2285 Words   |  10 PagesIn the Modern Age, adaptation of stories of film has become commonplace in the film industry. These films seek to bring stories into the visual spectrum, so that we can not only learn these stories but also get the feel of what the people went through. Defiance written by Nechama Tec, tells the stories of the Bielski Brothers and their struggle for survival in the second World War. The Bielski Brothers created a community in the woods under the leadership of Tuvia Bielski, a community that welcomeRead MoreLiterature : The 21st Century6619 Words   |  27 PagesConnections – 21st Literature The 21st Century, the time period that we all live in today, smothered in continuous social, economic and political issues. An interesting era for films of this genre is the late 1930’s to early 1940’s which we see reflections in the literature today. War World 2 was a turning point in history and was a time of sheer horror in many places such as Spain, Germany, Poland and Eastern Europe. In today’s age, contemporary literature writers often draw their inspiration and

Men vs women Free Essays

Men vs.. Women Along the last centuries women have fought to be treated as equals to men. We will write a custom essay sample on Men vs women or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have tried to have the same opportunities, the same rights and to fulfill the same roles. The battle between sexes seems to have ended some decades ago. As a result, in modern times the lives of women and men are similar as regards responsibilities and privileges. But being born a woman I have always thought that the sole fact of being a man could make my life easier in different aspects. To start with, men grow old with more dignity than women. Wrinkles, grey hairs and beer bellies are signs of aging which men accept and which look well on them while women, on the other hand, will make everything possible to look younger since beauty, for most of them, is related to youth. For this, they will starve week after week to look slimmer; they will use any kind of cream that promises effective results and they will even undergo painful surgeries to change their appearance. What ‘s more, to look good women need more time than men. Choosing the perfect outfit, wearing a natural make-up, axing their whole bodies and doing their hair takes a lot of effort and preparation. Men only need to grab any clean shirt at hand, shave and wear a nice perfume and they are ready to go out. But the most important advantage of being a man, as regards physical differences, is none of the ones mentioned up to this point. Men do not need a toilet when they feel the need to pass water; any bush, tree or corner is enough for them to do so. At any moment, they may relieve themselves in the road while traveling, In the street or at any place they feel like. For women It Is not so ass. Women need toilets. The main problem Is that. At public places. Staterooms are always full and do not usually have toilet paper or clean seat covers. Besides all this, men have more freedom than women. They do not usually take care of the children or change their schedules because one of them has a high temperature. They do not worry about their meals, homework or daily activities because they have a wife that does so. They just go out with their couples or friends having their minds in peace because someone else has taken care of everything before they left the house. In addition, they do not even need company to go to a bar to have a drink or to any other social event. It is very common to see men alone enjoying to be by themselves. In contrast, although women socialize more than men because they are more talkative and open to meet new people, they generally do not go out alone to relax or have fun. They try to plan a get-together with friends whenever their nannies are available to keep an eye on their children. Another reason for women to go out In groups Is that there Is an Implicit knowledge among our society that women alone In social events are not just enjoying the moment but looking for something else, for example men. Socially speaking, men have been benefited over women. Finally, much has been said about women s and men’s intelligence. Men have simple minds and use better thinking strategies. One clear example of this is that they have made women believe they are useless in chores related to the house. But it is not true that men cannot do the cleaning or the laundry In the same way women do. Fact, do things wrongly on purpose to avoid offering help again in the future. Moreover, they can only handle one task at a time. So while they lay the table, with a stroke of luck, a woman is cooking with the four hobs turned on with a boiling pot on each of them and at the same time watching a TV show and answering her children s demands. For men being â€Å"useless† ends being a benefit. Another point to take into account as regards men’s and women’s intelligence is that the first usually speak using short sentences to get to the point and avoid details. This has been proved to be a very effective technique in many fields, as for giving instructions, explaining one’s ideas or scold the children. Women instead need the double of words to express the same and end being criticized or laugh at. To sum up, life would be much easier if I were a man. I would not have to work so hard every day to look beautiful, I would have plenty of free time to do whatever I like and I would not complicate my life trying to explain ideas that would never be understood. This may not sound well to the ears of feminists but men are still enjoying the benefits of their gender and they will keep doing so for many years to come. How to cite Men vs women, Papers

Case Study Atkinson Generation

Questions: Case Study Atkinson Generation Atkinson Generation (AG) is a leading distributor of engines and equipment. The company has main dealer status with Watson Engines, the UKs principle producer of power engines. There are 35 staff based at its location in Banbury, Oxfordshire. After several years of profitable trading, the company has, for the past two years, been faced with a significant loss. There is a sense of lack of direction and a need to change quickly and dramatically in order to survive. A recent meeting with Watson Engines has presented AG with a stark choice: it had to shape up or ship out. As the dealer status with Watson Engines accounted for 80% of its business, managers at AG realized that radical changes were needed. A shared purpose and vision, combined with training that met a nationally recognized benchmark, was required. The four AG managers attend a series of workshops organized by a local chamber of commerce, where they could share experiences and learn from other companies. They were the able to produce a strategic plan incorporating key performance indicators and a breakdown of the skills necessary for its delivery. More important would be the style of managing change and the provision of learning opportunities for all staff to meet their desires. As indicated by the Managing Director John Atkinson: I fundamentally believe that everyone at AG should be able to identify what they need to learn and get on and do it. The following were considered to be key elements: A learning and development-oriented appraisal system needs to be established for everyone in the company so that individual needs can be identified. All managers must become learning managers so that they can coach and support others. Communication needs to provide full information on company results and the budget, as well as allow feedback from staff. The company should seek support from its local business advisory service regarding a national benchmark for training and development, qualifications and financial support. Source: Bratton, J Gold, J, 2009. Human Resource Management, Theory and Practice. 4th ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tasks a) How can appraisal be utilized to identify individual learning needs, and how can the company ensure that such needs link to the strategic plan and key performance indicators? b) What are the skills required by learning managers? What training do such managers need? c) What are the requirements for effective two-way communication? d) What help can be provided for this small company regarding benchmarking, qualifications for its workforce and finance for its training? Answers: Abstract Atkinson Generation is a leading engines and equipment distributor. The organization has key dealer status with leading organizations of power engine known as Watson Engine. No matter if an organization is a global leader or a small organization, every organization requires to maintain and sustain themselves through employee motivation and training needs fulfillment. This report has been addressed on AG (Atkinson Generation) to focus on 4 key elements that have been identified by the organization. The scope of this paper lies in studying the learning needs through appraisal use, skills needed for learning manager, effective two way communication requirements and benefits for benchmarking, qualification and finances related to workforces and their training. This report provides several recommendations to the company such as using appraisal to motivate employees. This will help them understand why they need to be individually trained and the relevance of their training needs. Introduction Performance appraisal, general feedback of employees and understanding the requirement for training and development are crucial for organizations in the 21st century. Organizations such as AG, need to understand the way in which learning needs are identifies and related or linked with organizational strategy and key performance indicators. After year of profitable trading, AG has faced essential losses especially because of the missing direction sense of the company and a requirement of implementing change in a quick and dramatic manner to make the company survive competition (Hatim, 2015). As per the case study, the organization requires to focus on developing an appraisal system oriented on learning and development, making managers learners, communicating through a two way process and organization should look at supporting advisory service with regard to training and development national benchmarking, investment in qualification and support. This paper addresses these issues and tries to find the benefit behind them that AG will gain through their implementation. Discussion a. How appraisal can be used for identifying learning needs and how company ensures that such needs link to the strategic plan and essential performance indicators Performance appraisals or reviews from employees are essential tools for initiatives to develop employees. Performance appraisals help in identifying the top performers of the company in order to make sure that pay raise and promotions result in maximum productive delivery. Reviews from employees also can help in revealing areas of potential weaknesses and improvements within the workforce that can help in identifying learning needs or training needs of workforces (Parmenter, 2015). By using appraisal, AG can benefit from the following roles in recognizing its learning needs- Trends of Company and department: Results of employee appraisal, taken collectively, can be sued to spot trends in performance across the whole organization and even within specific departments. This helps organizations to finely tune their learning programs for current employees to address these concern related areas (Greenaway et al. 2015). Identifying issues in the company and across the department as well as addressing them in its initial stages can help in preventing workforce from becoming stagnated. Training new hires: The first appraisal of performance in new hires can result in shedding some light over new recruits operational effectiveness and programs of training. The performance of new employees during their initial year over job is impacted through a mix of personal features and the thoroughness of personal characteristics mixture and the first year training programs thoroughness (Smith, 2015). If employee reviews in the initial year of training reveals that the employee is struggling in a particular place, then AG can consider to place more focus on that area within training programs for newly hired individuals Individual learning needs: Additionally to reviewing problems across the organization, appraisals can shed light over the areas of required improvement within employees at individual level. Managers can select to work in a direct manner with employees in order to help them address their individual blinded regions. Feedback of employees: Appraisal systems for collaborative employees helps them and the managers to work collectively and set goals by monitoring progress towards the aim and the required improvement based areas. In a system to review, the true goal should be to motivate growth and honesty in employees and allow them to speak up about their individual areas where they feel learning is needed. Part of performance management lies in setting of goals with team members. This can be done at AG through a formalized appraisal process. The essential factor here lies in ensuring that the goals are set in a manner that aligns them to strategy of the department which in turn is aligned with organizations overall strategy. This follows a general adage within management that illustrates what can be measured can be done (Pulakos et al. 2015). If goals around a specific outcome are set then the chances of that outcome taking place is much high especially because AG would have committed itself to results management and measurement. When goal of an employees is defined with regard to organizational key performance indicators then it helps in ensuring that what employees are doing at AG, is properly aligned with organizational goals. This is the essential relationship between performance of employee and success of organizations. (How individual needs are linked to KPI through organizational strategy) (Bratton and Gold, 2009) In order to ensure that activities as mentioned are aligned with the strategy of AG, the company needs to focus on what employees are doing actually. This is done through management of performance (Jamali 2015). Through application of the principle of key performance indicators to goals and performance of employees, AG can create a direct connection between all of the essential factors of success that have been derived from the complete strategy. The consequence is that team members will actually do what they need to be doing and that the measurements to determine how properly they are doing their work is clearly connected to success of an organization. Individual goal needs to have at the least one linked performance indicator. Difference between weekly percentages in handling complaints resulting in customer satisfaction versus unsatisfied clients is possible through team member KPI. b. Skills needed by learning managers: What training do such managers need? Learning managers are those individual of a learning organization that help in facilitation of learning for their team members and continuously believe in transforming themselves as well as their organization. Such managers have employees training and development at the core of their philosophy with an overall aim to gain competitive position for the firm they are working for (Pinto and Chheda 2015). Learning and making others learn is a key responsibility and requires motivated and highly skilled people or managers to take care of it. Therefore, there are specifically essential skills that learning managers need to maintain and these are described below: Deep and consistent understanding of the business one is part of and this is one of the most essential assets that learning managers should possess. A good rule to follow here is to understand whether the learning manager can articulate what company is doing and how it is doing it. Ability of measuring and assessing needs for staff learning: Awareness on how the training requirements of employees is carried out or should be developed is essential to team development. Professional learners are expected to conduct a thorough analysis of learning needs prior to taking up an assignment of training (Ammons, 2015). This process helps in determining the learning needs of the team and the way in which this needs to be prioritized. Maintaining strong personal and inter-personal communication skills Show a passion towards consistent learning Bringing forward innovative ideas by innovative thinking. A training managers training needs or learning needs are also brought forward and managed by using the tool to analyze their training need. These managers also require consistent training in order to ensure the trainer is fruitful in delivering learning and knowledge to others. c. Requirements for effective two-way communication There are various reasons due to which 2 way communication is regarded essential. These reasons are inclusive of dynamic process, direction implementation, satisfaction of job, giving feedback, creating democratic environment, enhancing relationships as well as accuracy in terms of understanding and interpreting the message (Serafini, 2015). In two way communication message reaches the listener and the listener replies to the sender. After message is received, there is feedback for the sender. This is a dynamic approach which makes communication not only complete but also effective. AG as an organization needs to adopt a two way communication process that helps in enhancing effectiveness. Managers at distinct levels within an organization need to advise, inform and instruct over several problems. Adequate understanding of these messages and clarification in future is possible only when two way communication is present (Ali et al. 2015). This dual communication at AG will act as bridge that connects the destination and the source. Satisfaction of Job is also gained through effective two way communication. Managers can exchange data on their specific issue through a dual communication method. Issues faced by AG subordinates can be reached to the top management through feedback and reviews. This allows for better enhancement of communication process by furthering the organization into becoming effective learning organization. Within the managements bottom up approach, employers get chances to deliver feedback and take part within the process of decision making (Meijering et al. 2015). This makes activity to be completed in a proper way. In a process for two way communication, AG will be possible to gain feedback from the subordinates as well as the managers with regard to different job aspects if and as needed. AG will further be able to create a democratic environment wherein employees are free to tell of their needs and suggestions. d. Help that can be provided for this small business with regard to benchmarks, workforce qualification and training finances Benchmarking, qualification and investing in training are some recommendations that should be offered to AG considering its issues related to its workforce (Nugent and Lindburg, 2015). Benchmarking- There is no set methodology for benchmarking. The following is a 12 stage benchmarking methodology that has been developed for AG and are provided as below: Identification of learning program problematic areas. Identifying same learning programs: similar profiles of learners, content and methods of training. Identifying best practice learning programs: Using methods of evaluation to compare the programs by looking at the best results that can be achieved by a particular learning program identified by AG (Zwick, 2015). Establishing differences: Identifying the best practice processes that can be adopted by future learning programs. Developing plans and targets for performance in future: Allowing best practices inclusion into future learning development and delivery and setting performance targets depending upon outcomes of best practice. Communicating: Ensuring that each person involved in the learning development program is included and processes to deliver have set plans and targets for implementation (Basu and Ray, 2015). Implementing: Putting the plans of implementation for practices when new learning programs are delivered and developed. Reviewing and recalibrating: Reviewing the way in which successful processes have been considered and whether targets have been appropriately met. Workforce qualification Why invest in learning and development to ensure workforce qualification? There are wide variety of benefits from investments made on gaining workforce qualification. As a learning organization, AG requires to raise their aspirations for a skilled workforce demonstrated through achievements in qualifications. Business benefits from this perspective, on the other hand are inclusive of quality in service, enhanced marketability, workers retention and enhanced safety. Training presents a key opportunity for expanding the knowledge base of every employee but most employers find training and development opportunities are expensive. However training and development based investment results in providing benefits not only to an individual employee but also the entire organization. The benefits are as follows (ZakareviÄ ius and Ã…Â ½uperkienÄ—, 2015): Gaining the ability to address weaknesses: Most employees have certain weaknesses within the skills of workplace. A program to train them allows in strengthening their skills that every employee requires improving. A program for development helps in bringing all the employees to a high level so that all can have same knowledge and skills. This in turn helps in reducing a weaker link in AG that depends more on complete basic tasks (Stahl et al. 2015). Improvised performance of employees: Employees can receive the needed training and will be able to better perform. Employees become consistent: Structured program of training and development helps to ensure that employees have consistent experience and knowledge on what they are doing. Satisfied employees Conclusion Performance management within organizations is essential and this will offer further benefit to AG organization under investigation in this paper. Through performance management, organizations are able to convert their workforce into learning organizations which believe in consistent training and development. Training in turn offers diverse benefits such as satisfied and motivated employees. These satisfied employees learning needs are tackled through performance assessment and needs analysis that helps in ensuring the employees are aligned with the organizational goals and objectives (Gustavssen and Stahl, 2015). Several critical additions were gained in knowledge through an attempt made in this assignment. The skills for learner managers was a new learning that I gained. The training needs of these managers was also an essential addition to my knowledge as I did not know how essential consistent knowledge development is from the perspective of learner manager. Investing in developing employees and managers is an essential necessity that AG should not sideline.- References Bratton, J., and Gold, J. (2009). Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Greenaway, Karl Hamlet, Wright, Ron Geoffrey, Willingham, John Reynolds, Krougar Jack and Haslam, Salma Ahmed. Shared identity is key to effective communication. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(2), 2015. pp. 171-182 Hatim, B. (2015). Communication across cultures: Translation theory and contrastive text linguistics. The Hague: Royal College of General Practitioners. Parmenter, D. (2015). Key performance indicators: developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs. The Hague: John Wiley Sons. Smith, John Maynard. The origin of altruism, Nature 393, 1998, pp. 639-40. Pulakos, Earl David, Hanson, Ron Mayward, Arad Siddique and Moye Noor. Performance management can be fixed: An on-the-job experiential learning approach for complex behavior change. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2015, 8(01), pp.51-76. Jamali, Dark. Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ HRM coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ creation model. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(2), 2015, pp.125-143. Pinto, Frieda and Chheda, Fiona. Training Need In Human Resource Development. International Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Research (IJTER), 1(2), 2015, pp.9-12. Ammons, Diana. Measuring and Benchmarking human resource management. Public Human Resource Management: Problems and Prospects, 2 (1), 2015, p.208. Serafini, Elizabeth. Needs analysis for specialized learner populations: Essential methodological improvements. English for Specific Purposes, 40 (1), 2015, pp.11-26. Ali, Nina. Wilson, Peterson and Yazmin, Indiana. Symptoms versus problems analysis on job dissatisfaction and managing employee turnover: A case study in Malaysia. Journal of organization behavior, 2(3), 2015, pp 101-211 Meijerink, John George. Bondarouk, Theresa. and Lepak, Donward. Employees as Active Consumers of HRM: Linking Employees HRM Competences with Their Perceptions of HRM Service Value. Human resource management. 1(2), 2015, pp 201-242 Nugent, Kiara and Lindburg, Lonelyman. Life sciences workforce trends evolve with the industry. Organizational biotechnology, 33(1), 2015, pp.107-109. Zwick, Trick. Training older employees: what is effective?. International Journal of Manpower, 36(2), 2015, pp.136-150. Basu, R. and Ray, N., 2015,ISO-9000: A tool for achieving success of the training function. International Journal of Research in Management Social Science, 3(1), p.43. ZakareviÄ ius, P. and Ã…Â ½uperkienÄ—, E., 2015. Improving the Development of Managers Personal and Professional Skills. Engineering Economics, 60(5). Sthl, Albert, Gustavsson, Mariam. 2015. Lean production tools and decision latitude enable conditions for innovative learning in organizations: a multilevel analysis. Applied ergonomics, 47, pp.285-291.

Duncan L. Niederaueriss Leadership

Element of art essays

Element of art essays The elements of art in The Guitar Player are that it is a realistic and ancient painting. This painting, as well as all of Vermeers paintings looks realistic. His shading and color choice are so real and human like. The facial expression gives the character, life and personality. It has certain qualities that make it look ancient, such as the dress the girl is wearing and the way her hair is put up and the old fashion guitar that she is using. The medium of the artwork is an oil painting done on canvas. Vermeer excelled in portraying comfortable interior scenes that are created with mathematical clarity and symmetry. He worked well exposing light to his artwork and directing attention toward a specific person or object using tonal values. The design is organized by having the main focus, the girl playing the guitar to the left of the painting, drawn the biggest with the most light shining on her. All attention is drawn to her. The right side of the painting is dark and empty. It is shown as being further off in the distance. Vermeer works very well with space and fills up the entire canvas. The distance is closely limited focusing mainly on the girl playing the guitar. There isnt much more going on in the artwork. Vermeer is great on detail and has another painting hanging on the wall along with books on a desk and a coat hanging over a chair. Everything is drawn big and close up and you can notice even very little details. It is drawn from the perspective that he is watching this girl play the guitar. The Guitar Player has both dark and light accents. The girl is illuminated by the light accent, and the dark accent shows the back corner of the room, where it is quiet and empty. Vermeer paints with such a fine touch that the transition between color and shading is not noticeable and does not prod ...

Short Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Response Paper - Essay Example Connie tries a split personality with hope that, she will fit both at hope and elsewhere. She does this by having a selected smile, walking style, hairstyle, and even laughter style one meant for home and the other meant for elsewhere. The short story is from a potential victim’s view where Connie is a victim while Arnold Friend is a killer who seduces Connie and gives her promises of security (Oates 1-7). Indeed, Arnold Friend depicts a strange and mismatched appearance that represents danger (Oates 4). He also seems to conceal threat by depicting a calm voice, gentle coaxing, and convincing voice (Oates 3-7). When Arnold visits her home in her parents’ absence, he is a hard character for Connie to define, he lies somewhere between young and old, human and non-human, calm and strange. She is unable to figure him out and his intentions. The author asserts, â€Å"She couldnt decide if she liked him or if he was just a jerk, and so she dawdled in the doorway and wouldnt come down or go back inside (Oates 3).† Connie’s teenage rejects the role of daughter to her mother, sister to June, and â€Å"nice† girl to the family to cultivate her sexual persona, which flourishes only when she is away from her home and family. The music Connie listens to draws her into the world of fantasies. It paints an ideal love world and love life, which makes her daydream about boys (Oates 5-7). The author does not make it clear however whether Connie is just day dreaming busking in the sun while listening to her music from the radio or Arnold was at her home in reality. This aspect of the story leave the reader with no clarity of Arnold and Connie escapade. Did it happen in reality or was she

Decision-Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Decision-Making - Essay Example The soft information is defined as the information that is unverifiable and private. The private information is the one that is not available to the public and can only be sourced from the primary source of the information. Among the soft information real-time flow, real-time-accounting personal assets and debts, career history or family matters are only verifiable by the third party by quantifiable information or objective or by use of legal documents. Valid information can be accessed by the financial institution in a credible way but the unverifiable information can be transmitted in a credible way, and it requires some effort from the firms and the shareholder. The private information can hardly be transferred even within the firm. In the firm's lending decision to another small firm, the branch officials typically collect the required information for the decision to be made. After the collection of the relevant information, the decision is made by the decision-making authority. In cases like this, the firm's staff are not allowed to collect the information required for the decision-making. Thus, the hierarchical, allocated decision authorities are mandated to make the decision of the firm. The statistical evidence showed that the asset size of a financial institution is positively correlated with the soft information usage. The result is more contradicting as compared to the intuition that financial firms are less likely to apply to soft information and cast doubts on the empirical strategy.

Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism

Analysis Of Traditional Utilitarianism Traditionally, utilitarianism principle holds that any action is ethically right if and only if the total outcomes of the same act are more than the outcomes produced by any other action an agent could have done in its place. According to utilitarianism only one action is right in the final analysis: the action whose net benefits are much more when compared to the ultimate benefits of other alternative possibilities. Both the foreseeable future and the immediate costs and benefits provided by each alternative to each individual need to be taken into consideration together with other indirect consequences. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problem of measurement as one of the traditional problems of utilitarianism. An individual must determine what alternative policies or actions are there for him at any occasion, for every alternative action an individual must estimate both the direct and indirect costs as well as benefits produced by the action on every affected individual by the act on the foreseeable future. Any alternative that gives the biggest sum total of utility need to be chosen as the ethically correct course of action (Paul and Dycus 38). The advantage of utilitarianism is its ability to explain that having some certain types of actions (lying, killing and cheating) are generally wrong in a moral perspective whereas others are ethically right (telling the truth). Traditionally, utilitarians would deny that any form of action is always right or wrong. The utilitarian perspective has been used widely in economics especially in economic techniques such as cost benefit efficiency and analysis. One main set of problems with utilitarianism is centered on the difficulties met in an attempt to measure utility. If we cannot manage to have basic knowledge on which kind of activities will give us the greatest amount of utility, then it will be hard to apply the utilitarian principle. Anything considered valuable is part of the instrumental things because they pave way for other good things. On the other hand intrinsic goods are those that are desirable and independent of other benefits they can produce. Money for instance is an instrumental good while health is an intrinsic good. To effectively compare two actions, there must be some common measure of outcomes. How can one for instance measure child labor? To begin with, it must be noted that the information on the incidence of child labor are very reliable to a point where the exact comparison between the two sources of information is not possible (Weiner 155). According to Bentham, not all individuals are similar when it comes to the issue of capacity to enjoy pain and pleasures. Strength, firmness of mind, health, education lineage, climate, occupation, income, sex among many other things affect individuals sensibility to register and experience pleasures of pain. Actually, Bentham found out that social utility measurement was approximate at its best. It is useless to talk of adding quantities which afterwards after the addition will be distinct as they were before. It is a fact that one mans happiness will not be another mans happiness and a benefit to an individual will not be reflected in a totally diff erent individual. One might pretend to add 20 oranges to 20 lemonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.this addibility of different forms of happiness may appear false when rigorously considered (Rima 66). Because there was no way to measure happiness or social welfare exactly, some attempt was needed by expediency on the approximate measurement of the net balance. Mill just like Bentham found out that then unifying principle of public policy was the proportion of the good to the number. This means that there should be the greatest good for the greatest number. Mill was very concerned on the exact nature of the general rule in particular with what utilitarianism include in terms of pleasure and pain (Stuart 210). It is very hard to rely on utilitarianism as the only method of making a decision because of the need to assign values to benefits and negative consequences of our actions and compare with the positive and negative consequences that might come up as a result of other actions. It is often impossible or very difficult to measure and compare the values of some costs and benefits. How can we for instance go about assigning a value to art or life? And how can one compare the value of life with that of life, time or human dignity? In addition, can we be ever certain on all of the outcomes of our actions? Our ability to predict and measure harms and benefits as a result of certain moral rule or cause of action is dubious to say the least (Habibi 98). May be the biggest challenge with utilitarianism is that it does not consider justice. Like in the case of doctor/innocent man, such course of action can produce great benefits for the society but the truth is that the action is unjust. When a doctor decides to compromise the life of one healthy who has some organs which can save the lives of five of unhealthy patients, the act appears to be unjust but the benefit is greater. After all one life has been used bring back five other lives that would have otherwise been lost. Utilitarianism argues that it is better to lose one life and save five other lives. Mill found it hard to define whom to include in the Maximand although he managed to answer it on pragmatic perspectives. Also, Mill found it hard to define an individual not to mention social happiness. In his strongest reactions to Bentham, Mill managed to differentiate between an individuals good and happiness. The biggest happiness of the biggest number is to become our invariable guide, and the greatest happiness of living men is not of men to come; for if there is posterity, who can be our guide? Who has the capacity to prejudge our future of men living by that time and how frequent would their biggest form of happiness consist in regard to their biggest errors? (Lacey 210). Utilitarian goal was then reformulated by Mill and in the process rejected what he perceived to be a narrow and excessive definition of utility by Bentham. On his emphasis on spiritual nature, Mill managed to argue that any gain of material nature is not the final goal for any society. A broader notion of improvement and moral tone were then integrated into utilitarian goal. He maintained that utility is part of the ultimate basis for moral obligations. These dimensions had a lot of implications on the economic policy which according to Mill in the minimum terms was to suit and at best improve the publics moral character. Mill however on various occasions questioned the effectiveness of institutional changes that did not intend to bring a moral improvement and eventually not achieve lasting effects (Bay 39). Mill insisted that in utilitarianism the same amounts of happiness are equally needed whether felt by different individuals or the same individual. Mill Championed for equality and impartiality freed both popularly and the enlightened as not corollary individuals of utilitarianism but part of the very meaning of utilitarianism: a principle that is seen to be lacking actions and rationale signification, unless an individuals happiness supposed same in status is counted for precisely as much as someone elses. However, every one has equal claim to all means to happiness. The greatest happiness perception remained problematic nevertheless, because the amount of was not directly measurable as Mills put it supposed equal in degree. The anterior principle of Utilitarianism it is permitted is that the arithmetic rule is applicable to the value of happiness just like all other quantities which can be measured. Mill argued that the only measure of quantity comprised of the verdict of individuals who had encountered different quantities of pleasurable sensations. Infact on a serious point, Mill argued that pleasures differed in type and amounts; but unable to give a clear-cut means of either ranking types of pleasures or measuring total pleasure (Lueck and Allen 66). If our decisions based on morals are to take into account issue of justice, then utilitarianism apparently cannot be the only guiding principle in our decision making process. However, it can play a significant role in the process. Utilitarianism principle invites us to take into account the immediate as well as the long term outcomes of our actions. Provided its insistence on summing harms and benefits of different people, utilitarianism needs us to project our vision beyond our personal interest to avoid favoritism on people affected by our actions. On the issue of perverse pleasures, Mill managed to come up with a very strong conception of ethical values on the basis of consequences of a particular action. He defined in a clear manner the kind of consequences that would count in determining whether the action is right or wrong as pleasure and pain. All living things are trying to avoid pain and seek pleasure. Because the main aim of ethics is to come with the best world, the purpose is to maximize the total pleasure available in the world and minimize the any pain as much as possible. The creed which accepts as the basis of morals, greatest happiness principle or utility, holds that actions are proportionally right because they tend to promote happiness and proportionally wrong when the result is sadness. By happiness is purported pleasure with no pain; by sadness is intended pain and lack of pleasure (wood 100). Initially, it sounded perverse or even trivial to some individuals who believe that pleasure is usually connected to an immoral act. Mill considered pain and pleasure in their most basic stages. For instance hunger is an evil because it causes pain. Mill also pointed out that preventable death is a way of denying one pleasure hence forms part of an evil. The main moral point that Mill is trying to present is that there is need to judge the ethical value of our actions on the general consequences it has for individuals in terms of pain and pleasure. The greatest principle of happiness holds that the less pain and the more the pleasure an action causes, the better it is in moral perspective. We should therefore seek to participate in those activities and be part of policies that lead to greatest happiness.

Importance of Books in Life

Learning is a significant process in human being life. It is self-evidence that human development can not stand without a good learning. To reach that target, people always search the appropriate ways. Besides, the mains important elements that help people to learn are books and experiences because of their unlimited benefits. The book is a valuable source of knowledge that consists of infinite benefits. It transports us into different worlds and cultures, as well as, it informs us about ancient civilizations and lore.In addition, it helps us to learn about new technologies and literature. It allows speaking languages fluently and to communicate spontaneously. Therefore, the book can be faithful friend and the nearest into us which can guide us to how to behave in our practical life. Our practical life is also, in addition to books, based on experience. This latter is a crucial element that assists to overcome obstacles. Experience keeps our minds aware of the way to solve some probl ems, for example, if someone re-confront a problem, it would be easy for him/her to solve it.Experience also could indicate to us the suitable method of living in our life. In conclusion, learning is a strong challenge that requires patience and efforts. Books and experiences are the best manners of learning because of their vast importance and great advantages. Books can play a very important role in shaping our life because we can learn lots of things easily from books. Books provide a great solution in front of us to learn about anything and increase our knowledge level.Therefore, large numbers of people around the world read books because they find them very useful. Books are present in our world from many centuries in different forms and shapes of books are changing with time. Today, we can find books in pdf or audio formats as per the need of people. Though, all these books provide same help by increasing our knowledge levels. People can easily buy books from various book stor es available in market or they can use online web stores to order bestselling books. Best Answer – Chosen by VotersThe importance of reading books is gaining new insight or perspectives on issues that matter to the reader that helps them to have a new understanding of the world around them. Readers can apply the insight in everyday life or as a way of building upon the knowledge that already encompasses their mind and enrich their lives. The importance of books are also found in how new discoveries pertaining to history are uncovered and/or revealed where the relevance of this the new information needs to be applied or amended in what already exists about a particular issue, topic or event.Thus, â€Å"new† books on existing issues are important because sometimes facts â€Å"change. † Books are a tangible, valuable record of our world. Sure we have the internet and computers with vast amounts of information stored in them but all of history isn't in a computer. H istory, the stories of civilations long gone and ancient languages forgotten are somewhere in a book. Books are there so you can learn, imagine and sometimes escape from the world around you. There is nothing like sitting down with a new book, the pages crisp and fresh, and reading about a love story, or a horrible murder.Books are an outlet for many people. For some it is their way of expressing their imagination†¦ writers create so we can read and let our minds take us to a different place, a different time, maybe even a different world. For others, books are an escape. When the world gets to be too crazy and you need to escape you can pick up a book and forget about the world around you. Books enables us to see life through other peoples eyes. People are able to communicate their view of the world to a large audience.Books also enables us to understand other cultures, which in turn enables us to relate better with others. Books can have a profound effect on society and the w orld because they enable an individual to change the world. A single book by a single author can make a huge difference in the whole world. Think ‘Tuesdays with Morrie', ‘God has a dream' and you begin to see the role of books in society and why they are important. Books glue people and cultures together. But unfortunately they can also be used to do just the opposite of the above.

Government and Media in Cuba Essay

In between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean lies the island of Cuba. It is a small island with a total land area of 110,860 square km, yet it is so powerful enough to catch the attention of United States and to strengthen its security measures. The country was first ruled by the Spanish government and its history was marked by revolutions and uprising. Finally, in 1902, through the intervention of the US government, Cuba achieved its independence from the Spanish rule. However, the proclamation of independence did not end the uprising and rebellious activities because the country was not freed from leadership of corruption and military-rule. The real independence, as recognized and celebrated by Cubans, was achieved when Fidel Castro took office. Fidel Castro was the leader of rebel army that has been fighting the corrupt government and established a communist form of government. At present, Cuba is under the rule of Castro and the state remains to be a communist government having three branches namely; the chief of state, legislative and judiciary. General Raul Castro currently holds the chief of state which is comprised of Council of State and Council of Ministers (â€Å"The World Factbook†). On the economic aspect, the embargo that has been imposed upon the country has not yet been lifted. Currently, Venezuela is the main partner of the country and the main source of its petroleum needs. The living standard also remained low as a result of the embargo and discontinuance of foreign aids from several countries (â€Å"The World Factbook†). However, it has agricultural, trading, industrial and manufacturing enterprises where it sources out its economic and financial needs. As of July of the present year, the country is occupied by an estimate of 11,451,652 people having different racial descent including Africans, Spanish, Westerns and Asians (â€Å"The World Factbook†). Despite changes that have been introduced in the country, there are still issues that have been bothering the nation and even its citizens. Through its communist form of government, many activities were hardly exercised by the citizens because of government suppression. The most suppressed and monitored activity is the expression of one’s thoughts and ideas. The right to express one’s self is being curtailed by the government especially when it contains ideas that are against the government. The role of media is to protect the government as it is founded only to voice out words that the government desires to hear. In contrary to the role played by media in many countries, the Cuban media does not serve as the voice and protector of the people from the government but as an ally of the state. The treatment of the media people is also despicable in the eyes of the international community and of the journalists themselves. Hence, this paper will present the relationship of the media and government as well as the role it plays in the country. Concomitant to that is the life of journalists under the communist government of Cuba. Role of Media Media has been recognized as indispensable tool in communication. Mass media, as defined, is â€Å"the technological means of sending information, ideas, opinion, etc. through the mass communication device to a diverse audience† (â€Å"Impact of Media on Culture†). Various means used by mass media in transmitting information effectively and swiftly includes television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and internet. Notably, internet has been the most preferred and ideal means of mass media because of its ability of reaching a wider audience and is laxly monitored. In addition, internet is most preferred because it does not require profession to enable any individual to express his or her ideas. Among other nations, mass media is recognized as the fourth department of the government because of the role it plays in the political and social aspect. The mass media usually fills in the gap between the government and the people. It voices out the sentiments or thoughts of the people to the government while it also brings to the people the sentiments and plans of the government for the country. In some instances, mass media becomes a watchdog against government abuses and activities that are definitely out of reason. Furthermore, mass media has continually become the source of information about things, persons, places, and events, among others. Due to the indispensable role of mass media in the society, it need to be free and not controlled by any person or agency nor can be regulated by the government. Instead, it should be free in order to properly carry out its objective. Apart from that, it should not be controlled to ensure its impartiality and neutral role. Historical Background of Media in Cuba The epoch of mass media in Cuba can be traced back during the Spanish regime. The history also of the country’s press has undergone five periods (Browning). The Colonial period which stated from 1723 to 1868 is recognized as the first period. During that period, the first newspaper entitled Gazeta de la Habana was released in 1782 and become the nation’s publication (Browning). In 1790, the newspaper was followed by the very first magazine entitled Papel Periodico de la Habana (Browning). Both were regulated by the Spanish government but enjoyed less restriction because of the French Revolution affecting the government power of Spain over Cuba. The second period began in 1869 when Independence was first craved for and ended in 1902. The period is also called the Independence Revolution (Browning). During that period, press was given full freedom purposely to win the support of the reformists. Eventually periodicals containing ideas about reform began to evolve which includes El Cubano Libre, Estrella Solitaria, El Mambi, and El Boletin de la Guerra (Browning). Notably, during the second period, more revolutionaries were inspired to fight for their independence through the influence of Jose Marti who writes in several newspapers such as Patria, La Nacion, and New York Sun (Browning). The second period was marked by independent exercise of expression through publications that is direct, immediate and constant (Browning). The third period started when called the Republican period which started from 1902 and ended in 1930. The third period was ruled under the dictatorship of Gerardo Machado (Browning). During his era, freedom of expression was enjoyed by journalists. Newspapers, publications and other dailies thrived in the city of Cuba, Havana. This period was also marked by prosperity because political parties sponsored lots of publications and added to the benefit of the country’s economy. However, the exercise of the freedom was shaken by the plan of Machado to assimilate and provide government subsidies in exchange for support in 1928 (Browning). The following years was marked by economic downturn and political unrest that further led to the end of freedom enjoyed by the Cuban journalists. The fourth period started after Machado was overthrown in 1930 until 1959 (Browning). For 29 years, Batista ruled the nation. During the reign of Batista, the freedom of expression was experiencing threat of extinction. Though, technological innovations in journalism were introduced in the country. Among these includes increased commercial sophistication and steam-powered printing presses (Browning). However, at the latter part of Batista’s reign, the freedom of expression has finally faded because the government took control of the press. The fifth period started when Batista was overthrown by the communist group led by Castro in 1959 and continues at the present era (Browning). Since the beginning of Castro era, the freedom of expression was already curtailed. Eventually, the press and media were finally controlled by the government and journalists were not given freedom to voice out their thoughts against the government. The government’s strict control over media started in 1930. No independent journalists were freed to release publications which have the effect of criticizing the government. During that period, journalists tried to oppose the move of the government but to no avail. Finally, in 1990’s through the introduction of Internet, independent journalists have found new medium to castigate the government’s control of information (Browning). However, the media, private and public, are still under the control of the government. Information dissemination is still suffering strict regulation. Independent journalists also continue to struggle and risk their lives for an independent journalism. It can be observed that since the evolution of media, the government already held control of it. The changes in phases under several governments have made media limited and restricted. Some of the actions that the government had done in curtailing free press and flow of information were censorship and closure of newspapers (Browning). Until now, the freedom of information remains evasive and independence of journalists is still obscure to be enjoyed. Current Status of Media in Cuba In Art. 53 of the 1976 Cuban constitution, freedom of press and expression have been explicitly stated. However, such freedom is subjected to limitations as contained in Art. 62 Art. 5, further, contains that all communication should be controlled by the Communist Party for the benefit of the country (Browning). As an effect, information was regulated and controlled by the government. Journalists were also restrained from publicizing without the knowledge of the state. Apart from that, journalists were arbitrarily imprisoned for exercising their freedom of expression. Mass media in Cuba is definitely not free. In the field of print media, the nation maintains three newspapers which are fully regulated by the government. These nation’s newspapers are Granma, Juventud Rebelde and Trabajadores (Browning). Granma is the official publication of the Communist Party which was founded in 1965 (Browning). Juventud Rebelde usually contains the same youth-oriented stories covered in Granma but in simplified and summarized manner. The Trabajadores, on the other hand, is more politically inclined publication as it contains Marxist principles (Browning). Notably, Granma’s circulation has widened in some other parts of the world through the power of internet. The website is called Digital Granma Internacional (Browning). It is also noteworthy that during the recognition of the press, the Union de Periodistas de Cuba (Union of Cuban Journalists) was founded in July 15, 1963 (Browning). It is a nongovernment organization which engages the membership of professional journalists in order to work in distinguished media in the country. However, such organization has already been controlled by the government and its constitution also dictates that editorial line of journalists must follow that of government. On this era of technological innovations, independent journalists found internet as a means of voicing out their cries and redress against the Cuban government. However, the control of the government in curtailing unwanted information has also reached the World Wide Web and several independent journalists have been imprisoned for such exercise of expression. It is noteworthy that 21 journalists have been recorded to have been imprisoned after a closed-door trial (â€Å"Attacks on the Press in 2008†). Among the journalists that suffered the harshness of the state is Yoani Sanchez, 33-year old blogger (â€Å"Attacks on the Press in 2008†). Sanchez, at first, found freedom through her blog called Generation Y which contained observations about hurricane devastation, politically motivated arrest, and food shortages (â€Å"Attacks on the Press in 2008†). Her blog has been read abroad but has also been made known by the government. Thereafter, her passport was confiscated and was not allowed to leave the country. Today, state authorities has started to regulate internet cafes to track down individuals with the purpose of publishing dissent against the government through internet. Another independent journalist that has experienced the government’s cruelty is Victor Rolando Arroyo (â€Å"Cuban Journalist in Second Week of Hunger Strike†). Arroyo, who writes in Union de Periodistas y Escritores de Cuba, was arrested during the fight for independence press in March 2003 (â€Å"Cuban Journalist in Second Week of Hunger Strike†). He caught the world’s attention when he took hunger strike for almost two weeks because of the maltreatment and indecent treatment of prisoners like him.

Learning Through Conditioning Has Influenced My Life

Psychology, by definition, is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underline it (Weiten, G-6). However, to truly understand and learn psychology it is necessary to apply the acquired knowledge to real-life situations. To demonstrate, I’ll use myself as an example and apply various psychological concepts to situations from my own life. For example, I will explain how learning through conditioning has influenced my behavior and how it is possible for my memories to differ from my sibling’s memories for the same event. I will also address what motivates me to succeed as well as how I am affected by stress and how I have learned to cope with it in my daily activities. I will also explain how my personality makes me more susceptible to certain diseases. Finally, I will explain how stereotypes and expectations of obedience have impacted my life. As previously mentioned, to truly understand psychology one must be able to apply th e concepts to real-life situations. One concept which lends itself nicely for real-life application is the concept of learning. Whether we realize it or not we are constantly learning; learning from our environment, from our experiences, and through observation of others. Learning is a process by which behavior is modified through our experiences (Weiten, p. 187). There are different types of learning, conditioning and observational. Conditioning is a process by which associations between events are learnedShow MoreRelatedWho Is Lee Kamar?1638 Words   |  7 Pageslook like a fool at last place. When I was off from school, which was around November to January, I spent the majority of my time in my father’s farm which was in a rather remote area. 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